Civil lawyer

When you have a civil dispute, it is rarely experienced as “just a legal matter”. It feels different: like money you are not being paid, a contract that is not being fulfilled, a purchase that has gone wrong, damage you are being forced to absorb, or the sense that the other party is playing with your time and patience.
 
What matters here is something very simple: knowing whether you can claim, what you can claim, and how to approach it properly. In civil matters, it is not enough to be right. You need to be able to prove it and choose the right legal route.
 
At ASO Corporate, we help you claim, defend yourself, or negotiate with a clear objective: protect your position and avoid costly mistakes. We work from Barberà del Vallès by appointment and also provide online assistance to clients throughout the province of Barcelona.

If someone owes you money or has breached an agreement, do not let it drag on

In civil matters, problems often start with something that seemed simple: a commission, a purchase and sale, earnest money (arras), a private loan, construction work, a deferred payment, an invoice, or an agreement that the other party stops complying with.
 
The Civil Code is based on the idea that every obligation consists of giving, doing, or refraining from doing something, and that obligations arise from the law, from contracts, and also from unlawful acts or actions involving fault or negligence. In addition, whoever fails to comply with their obligations through intent, negligence, delay, or by acting against what was agreed is liable for the damages and losses caused.
 
In plain terms: if there is a valid agreement and the other party does not comply, there may be grounds to claim performance, termination of the contract, or compensation.

I want to claim a debt or enforce an agreement

Contracts, earnest money, and sales: when what was signed is not fulfilled

Many civil disputes revolve around a very simple idea: what was agreed has not been performed as it should have been.
 
In reciprocal obligations, the Civil Code recognises that if one party fails to comply with its obligations, the other may choose between demanding performance or termination of the contract, with compensation for damages and interest in both cases. This is a very powerful legal basis in matters involving contracts, sales, earnest money agreements, commissions, supply agreements, works, and other commercial arrangements.
 
This applies, for example, when:

• a sale is promised and later withdrawn;
• earnest money has been signed and the other party breaches the agreement;
• you buy something and it is not delivered as agreed;
• the contract is performed defectively;
• or the agreement loses its purpose because the other party has breached something essential.

I want to review a contract or a purchase and sale agreement

Damages and compensation: when someone causes you harm you are not required to bear

Not all civil claims arise from a contract. Sometimes the issue is not what you signed, but the harm that has been caused to you.
 
Article 1902 of the Civil Code establishes the basic rule of non-contractual liability: anyone who, by act or omission, causes harm to another through fault or negligence is obliged to repair the damage caused.
 
This applies to many situations:

• damage caused by third parties;
• neighbour or property disputes;
• property damage;
• claims based on negligent conduct;
• material and financial losses;
• and other situations where the issue is not just an inconvenience, but compensable harm.

The key point is to turn the case into evidence: what happened, what damage exists, how it can be proven, and the causal link between the two.

I want to know if I can claim damages

Hidden defects, lack of conformity, and consumer protection

Here it is important to clearly distinguish two different legal frameworks, because they are often confused:
 
Hidden defects in private sales or civil transactions
The Civil Code requires the seller to provide warranty against hidden defects in the item sold when such defects make it unfit for its intended use or significantly reduce its usefulness, to the point that the buyer would not have purchased it or would have paid less if they had known about them. The buyer may choose between terminating the contract or requesting a proportional reduction of the price, and these actions expire after six months from delivery of the item.
 
Lack of conformity and consumer protection
When the buyer is a consumer dealing with a business, consumer law introduces a different framework: the seller must deliver goods that are in conformity with the contract, and the consumer has the right to repair, replacement, price reduction, or termination of the contract depending on the circumstances. Repair or replacement must be free of charge and carried out within a reasonable time, and termination or price reduction apply, among other cases, when repair or replacement is impossible or not properly performed. In addition, the seller is liable for lack of conformity that appears within two years from delivery, subject to specific rules for second-hand goods.
 
The most common mistake here is the following: treating a case as “hidden defects” when it should be handled under consumer law, or vice versa. This changes the legal strategy.

I want to review whether my case falls under hidden defects or consumer law

Civil claims: negotiation, payment order procedure, or lawsuit

Not all civil cases should be litigated in the same way. Sometimes it is better to start with a strong pre-litigation demand; other times, to use the payment order procedure (monitorio); and in other situations, to file a full claim from the outset.
The Civil Procedure Law (LEC) provides the payment order procedure (proceso monitorio) for claiming a monetary debt that is due, payable, and for a determined amount, provided it can be supported by legally valid evidence.
 
The initial application does not require a lawyer or court representative, and if the debtor does not pay or object, the court can directly order enforcement.
 
In addition, the LEC distinguishes between the ordinary procedure (juicio ordinario) and the summary procedure (juicio verbal) depending on the matter and the amount claimed. The verbal procedure also includes specific actions, such as possession protection, eviction in cases of precarious occupation, suspension of new works, or demolition of dangerous structures.
 
The key point in civil matters is not “going to court for the sake of it”. The key is choosing the procedural route that best fits your objective and the evidence available.

I want to know which legal route is best for my claim

How we handle your civil case

1. We assess whether the case has real legal grounds
It is not about collecting documents. It is about determining whether there is legal basis, evidence, and a clear objective.

2. We turn the conflict into a clear legal claim
Claiming money, demanding performance, terminating a contract, requesting repair, seeking a price reduction, claiming damages, or defending against a claim.

3. We organise the evidence
Contracts, emails, WhatsApp messages, earnest money agreements, invoices, reports, photographs, witnesses, transfers, formal notices, or any document that supports the case.

4. We try to resolve the matter where it makes sense
Some disputes can be resolved with a strong pre-litigation demand. Others only progress through court proceedings.

5. We choose the right legal route
Negotiation, payment order procedure, summary proceedings, ordinary proceedings, or any specific action that best protects your position.

What documentation do we need?

If you already have it, it is useful to gather:

• contract, quotation, order, or signed agreement;
• relevant emails, WhatsApp messages, or communications;
• invoices, proof of payment, or bank transfers;
• earnest money (arras) or purchase and sale documents;
• photographs, videos, or expert reports in case of damage or defects;
• any pre-litigation claims sent or received;
• documentation relating to the affected goods or services;
• and any document that helps reconstruct what was agreed, what happened, and what harm or loss has been caused.

If you do not have everything, that is not a problem. We will tell you what is truly necessary and what is worth requesting or preparing before taking any steps.

If you have a civil dispute, it is better to handle it with strategy than on impulse

In civil matters, the most costly mistakes are usually two: letting time pass and acting without a clear strategy.
If someone owes you money, has breached an agreement, caused you harm, or you need to review a purchase, earnest money agreement, hidden defect, or any type of claim, we help you approach it properly from the outset.

Request an initial assessment of your civil case